Task 1 - Write an article on historical and technical developments in animation.
History of animation
The Magic Lantern (1650): -
The magic lantern is an early version of the modern day projector. It made up
of a translucent oil painting, a simple lens and a candle or oil lamp. In a
darkened room, the image would appear projected onto an adjacent flat surface.
It was often used to project demonic, frightening images in order to convince
people that they were witnessing the supernatural. Some slides for the lanterns
contained moving parts, which makes the magic lantern the earliest known
example of projected animation. The earliest known actual magic lanterns are
actually credited to Christiaan Huygens or Athanasius Kircher.
Thaumatrope (1824): -
A thaumatrope was a simple toy used in the Victorian era. A thaumtrope is a
small circular disk or card with two different pictures on each side that was
attached to a piece of string or a pair of strings running through the centre.
When the string is twirled quickly between the fingers, the two pictures appear
to combine into a single image. The thaumatrope demonstrates the Phi
phenomenon, the brain's ability to persistently perceive an image. Its
invention is often credited to Sir John Herschel. John A. Paris popularised the
invention when he used one to illustrate the Phi phenomenon in 1824 to the
Royal College of Physicians.
Phenakistoscope (1831): - The phenakistoscope was an early
animation device. The Belgian, Joseph Plateau, and the Austrian, Simon Von
Stampfer, invented it in 1831 simultaneously. It consists of a disk with a
series of images, drawn or radii evenly spaced around the centre of the disk.
Slots are cut out of the disk on the same radii as the drawings, but at a
different distance from the centre. The device would be placed in front of a
mirror and spun. As the phenakistoscope is spun, a viewer would look through
the slots at the reflection of the drawings, which would only become invisible
when a slot passes by the viewer's eye. The created the illusion of animation.
Video by 180omarlllomar081 (http://www.youtube.com/user/l80omarlllomar08l?feature=watch)
Zoetrope (180AD; 1834): - The zoetrope concept was suggested in 1834 by William George Horner, and from the 1860s marketed as the zoetrope. It operates on the same principle as the phenakistoscope. It was a cylindrical spinning device with several frames of animation printed on a paper strip placed around the interior circumference. There are vertical slits around the sides through which an observer can view the moving images on the opposite side when the cylinder spins. As it spins the material between the viewing slits moves in the opposite direction of the images on the other side and in doing so serves as a rudimentary shutter. The zoetrope had several advantages over the basic phenakistoscope. It didn't require the use of a mirror to view the illusion, and because of its cylindrical shape it could be viewed by several people at once.
Flip Book (1868): - The first flip book was patented in 1868 by John Barnes Linnett as the kineograph. A flip book is just a book with particularly springy pages that have an animated series of images printed near the unbound edge. A viewer bends the pages back and then rapidly releases them one at a time so that each image viewed springs out of view to momentarily reveal the next image just before it does the same. They operate on the same principle as the phenakistoscope and the zoetrope what with the rapid replacement of images with others, but they create the illusion without any thing serving as a flickering shutter as the slits had in the previous devices. They accomplish this because of the simple physiological fact that the eye can focus more easily on stationary objects than on moving ones. Flip books were more often cited as inspiration by early animated filmmakers than the previously discussed devices which didn't reach quite as wide of an audience. In previous animation devices the images were drawn in circles which meant diameter of the circles physically limited just how many images could reasonably be displayed. While the book format still brings about something of a physical limit to the length of the animation, this limit is significantly longer than the round devices. Even this limit was able to be broken with the invention of the mutoscope in 1894. It consisted of a long circularly bound flip book in a box with a crank handle to flip through the pages.
Praxinoscope (1877): - The first animated projection (screening) was created in France, by Charles-Emile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Theatre Optique in December 1888. On 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musee Grevin in Paris. This film is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, but drawn directly onto the transparent strip. In 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings.
Video by dokkoLittlething (http://www.youtube.com/user/dokkoLittlething/feed)
Computer Integrated Imagery (CGI) : - CGI is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute in art, printed media, video games, films, television programmes, commercials, and simulators. The visual scenes may be dynamic or static, and may be two dimensional (2D), though the term "CGI", is most commonly used to refer to 3D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television. They can also be used by a home user and edited together on programmes such as Windows Movie Maker or iMovie.
In recent years, the use of computer-generated imagery has been made in courtrooms. They are used to help judges or the jury to better visualise the sequence of events, evidence or hypothesis.
A virtual world is a simulated environment, which allows the user to interact with animated characters, or interact with other users through the use of animated characters known as avatars. Virtual worlds are intended for its users to inhabit and interact, and the term today has become largely synonymous with interactive 3D virtual environments., where the users take the form of avatars visible to others graphically.
The sound was put out of sync when uploaded to YouTube.
Evaluation :-
People have said that my animation is good and I need to improve on some stuff. I could make the animation longer and get it finished quicker. The sound is out of sync because of YouTube. People have seen my animation in Flash and they say the sound is well synced and is very good.
I could improve the walk animation itself, make it more natural instead of the character sliding along the floor unnaturally.
Adding more to the scenes will give it more of an environment instead of a close to empty scene.
Storyboard
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